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		<h1>Image Manipulation Class</h1>

		<p>CodeIgniter's Image Manipulation class lets you perform the
			following actions:</p>

		<ul>
			<li>Image Resizing</li>
			<li>Thumbnail Creation</li>
			<li>Image Cropping</li>
			<li>Image Rotating</li>
			<li>Image Watermarking</li>
		</ul>

		<p>All three major image libraries are supported: GD/GD2, NetPBM,
			and ImageMagick</p>

		<p class="important">
			<strong>Note:</strong> Watermarking is only available using the
			GD/GD2 library. In addition, even though other libraries are
			supported, GD is required in order for the script to calculate the
			image properties. The image processing, however, will be performed
			with the library you specify.
		</p>


		<h2>Initializing the Class</h2>

		<p>
			Like most other classes in CodeIgniter, the image class is
			initialized in your controller using the
			<dfn>$this->load-&gt;library</dfn>
			function:
		</p>
		<code>$this->load->library('image_lib');</code>

		<p>
			Once the library is loaded it will be ready for use. The image
			library object you will use to call all functions is:
			<dfn>$this->image_lib</dfn>
		</p>


		<h2>Processing an Image</h2>

		<p>Regardless of the type of processing you would like to perform
			(resizing, cropping, rotation, or watermarking), the general process
			is identical. You will set some preferences corresponding to the
			action you intend to perform, then call one of four available
			processing functions. For example, to create an image thumbnail
			you'll do this:</p>

		<code>
			$config['image_library'] = 'gd2';<br /> $config['source_image'] =
			'/path/to/image/mypic.jpg';<br /> $config['create_thumb'] = TRUE;<br />
			$config['maintain_ratio'] = TRUE;<br /> $config['width'] = 75;<br />
			$config['height'] = 50;<br /> <br />
			$this->load->library('image_lib', $config); <br /> <br />
			$this->image_lib->resize();
		</code>

		<p>
			The above code tells the
			<dfn>image_resize</dfn>
			function to look for an image called <em>mypic.jpg</em> located in
			the
			<dfn>source_image</dfn>
			folder, then create a thumbnail that is 75 X 50 pixels using the GD2
			<dfn>image_library</dfn>
			. Since the
			<dfn>maintain_ratio</dfn>
			option is enabled, the thumb will be as close to the target
			<dfn>width</dfn>
			and
			<dfn>height</dfn>
			as possible while preserving the original aspect ratio. The thumbnail
			will be called <em>mypic_thumb.jpg</em>
		</p>

		<p class="important">
			<strong>Note:</strong> In order for the image class to be allowed to
			do any processing, the folder containing the image files must have
			write permissions.
		</p>

		<p class="important">
			<strong>Note:</strong> Image processing can require a considerable
			amount of server memory for some operations. If you are experiencing
			out of memory errors while processing images you may need to limit
			their maximum size, and/or adjust PHP memory limits.
		</p>

		<h2>Processing Functions</h2>

		<p>There are four available processing functions:</p>

		<ul>
			<li>$this->image_lib->resize()</li>
			<li>$this->image_lib->crop()</li>
			<li>$this->image_lib->rotate()</li>
			<li>$this->image_lib->watermark()</li>
			<li>$this-&gt;image_lib-&gt;clear()</li>
		</ul>

		<p>These functions return boolean TRUE upon success and FALSE for
			failure. If they fail you can retrieve the error message using this
			function:</p>

		<code>echo $this->image_lib->display_errors();</code>

		<p>A good practice is use the processing function conditionally,
			showing an error upon failure, like this:</p>

		<code>
			if ( ! $this->image_lib->resize())<br /> {<br />
			&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;echo $this->image_lib->display_errors();<br />
			}
		</code>

		<p>Note: You can optionally specify the HTML formatting to be
			applied to the errors, by submitting the opening/closing tags in the
			function, like this:</p>

		<code>
			$this->image_lib->display_errors('
			<var>&lt;p></var>
			', '
			<var>&lt;/p></var>
			');
		</code>


		<h2>Preferences</h2>

		<p>The preferences described below allow you to tailor the image
			processing to suit your needs.</p>

		<p>Note that not all preferences are available for every function.
			For example, the x/y axis preferences are only available for image
			cropping. Likewise, the width and height preferences have no effect
			on cropping. The "availability" column indicates which functions
			support a given preference.</p>

		<p>Availability Legend:</p>

		<ul>
			<li><var>R</var> - Image Resizing</li>
			<li><var>C</var> - Image Cropping</li>
			<li><var>X</var> - Image Rotation</li>
			<li><var>W</var> - Image Watermarking</li>

		</ul>





		<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="1" border="0" style="width: 100%"
			class="tableborder">
			<tr>
				<th>Preference</th>
				<th>Default&nbsp;Value</th>
				<th>Options</th>
				<th>Description</th>
				<th>Availability</th>
			</tr>

			<tr>
				<td class="td"><strong>image_library</strong></td>
				<td class="td">GD2</td>
				<td class="td">GD, GD2, ImageMagick, NetPBM</td>
				<td class="td">Sets the image library to be used.</td>
				<td class="td">R, C, X, W</td>
			</tr>

			<tr>
				<td class="td"><strong>library_path</strong></td>
				<td class="td">None</td>
				<td class="td">None</td>
				<td class="td">Sets the server path to your ImageMagick or
					NetPBM library. If you use either of those libraries you must
					supply the path.</td>
				<td class="td">R, C, X</td>
			</tr>

			<tr>
				<td class="td"><strong>source_image</strong></td>
				<td class="td">None</td>
				<td class="td">None</td>
				<td class="td">Sets the source image name/path. The path must
					be a relative or absolute server path, not a URL.</td>
				<td class="td">R, C, S, W</td>
			</tr>

			<tr>
				<td class="td"><strong>dynamic_output</strong></td>
				<td class="td">FALSE</td>
				<td class="td">TRUE/FALSE (boolean)</td>
				<td class="td">Determines whether the new image file should be
					written to disk or generated dynamically. Note: If you choose the
					dynamic setting, only one image can be shown at a time, and it
					can't be positioned on the page. It simply outputs the raw image
					dynamically to your browser, along with image headers.</td>
				<td class="td">R, C, X, W</td>
			</tr>


			<tr>
				<td class="td"><strong>quality</strong></td>
				<td class="td">90%</td>
				<td class="td">1 - 100%</td>
				<td class="td">Sets the quality of the image. The higher the
					quality the larger the file size.</td>
				<td class="td">R, C, X, W</td>
			</tr>


			<tr>
				<td class="td"><strong>new_image</strong></td>
				<td class="td">None</td>
				<td class="td">None</td>
				<td class="td">Sets the destination image name/path. You'll use
					this preference when creating an image copy. The path must be a
					relative or absolute server path, not a URL.</td>
				<td class="td">R, C, X, W</td>
			</tr>

			<tr>
				<td class="td"><strong>width</strong></td>
				<td class="td">None</td>
				<td class="td">None</td>
				<td class="td">Sets the width you would like the image set to.</td>
				<td class="td">R, C</td>
			</tr>

			<tr>
				<td class="td"><strong>height</strong></td>
				<td class="td">None</td>
				<td class="td">None</td>
				<td class="td">Sets the height you would like the image set to.</td>
				<td class="td">R, C</td>
			</tr>

			<tr>
				<td class="td"><strong>create_thumb</strong></td>
				<td class="td">FALSE</td>
				<td class="td">TRUE/FALSE (boolean)</td>
				<td class="td">Tells the image processing function to create a
					thumb.</td>
				<td class="td">R</td>
			</tr>

			<tr>
				<td class="td"><strong>thumb_marker</strong></td>
				<td class="td">_thumb</td>
				<td class="td">None</td>
				<td class="td">Specifies the thumbnail indicator. It will be
					inserted just before the file extension, so mypic.jpg would become
					mypic_thumb.jpg</td>
				<td class="td">R</td>
			</tr>

			<tr>
				<td class="td"><strong>maintain_ratio</strong></td>
				<td class="td">TRUE</td>
				<td class="td">TRUE/FALSE (boolean)</td>
				<td class="td">Specifies whether to maintain the original
					aspect ratio when resizing or use hard values.</td>
				<td class="td">R, C</td>
			</tr>


			<tr>
				<td class="td"><strong>master_dim</strong></td>
				<td class="td">auto</td>
				<td class="td">auto, width, height</td>
				<td class="td">Specifies what to use as the master axis when
					resizing or creating thumbs. For example, let's say you want to
					resize an image to 100 X 75 pixels. If the source image size does
					not allow perfect resizing to those dimensions, this setting
					determines which axis should be used as the hard value. "auto" sets
					the axis automatically based on whether the image is taller then
					wider, or vice versa.</td>
				<td class="td">R</td>
			</tr>




			<tr>
				<td class="td"><strong>rotation_angle</strong></td>
				<td class="td">None</td>
				<td class="td">90, 180, 270, vrt, hor</td>
				<td class="td">Specifies the angle of rotation when rotating
					images. Note that PHP rotates counter-clockwise, so a 90 degree
					rotation to the right must be specified as 270.</td>
				<td class="td">X</td>
			</tr>

			<tr>
				<td class="td"><strong>x_axis</strong></td>
				<td class="td">None</td>
				<td class="td">None</td>
				<td class="td">Sets the X coordinate in pixels for image
					cropping. For example, a setting of 30 will crop an image 30 pixels
					from the left.</td>
				<td class="td">C</td>
			</tr>
			<tr>
				<td class="td"><strong>y_axis</strong></td>
				<td class="td">None</td>
				<td class="td">None</td>
				<td class="td">Sets the Y coordinate in pixels for image
					cropping. For example, a setting of 30 will crop an image 30 pixels
					from the top.</td>
				<td class="td">C</td>
			</tr>

		</table>


		<h2>Setting preferences in a config file</h2>

		<p>
			If you prefer not to set preferences using the above method, you can
			instead put them into a config file. Simply create a new file called
			<var>image_lib.php</var>
			, add the
			<var>$config</var>
			array in that file. Then save the file in:
			<var>config/image_lib.php</var>
			and it will be used automatically. You will NOT need to use the
			<dfn>$this->image_lib->initialize</dfn>
			function if you save your preferences in a config file.
		</p>


		<h2>$this->image_lib->resize()</h2>

		<p>The image resizing function lets you resize the original image,
			create a copy (with or without resizing), or create a thumbnail
			image.</p>

		<p>For practical purposes there is no difference between creating
			a copy and creating a thumbnail except a thumb will have the
			thumbnail marker as part of the name (ie, mypic_thumb.jpg).</p>

		<p>All preferences listed in the table above are available for
			this function except these three: rotation_angle, x_axis, and y_axis.</p>

		<h3>Creating a Thumbnail</h3>

		<p>The resizing function will create a thumbnail file (and
			preserve the original) if you set this preference to TRUE:</p>

		<code>$config['create_thumb'] = TRUE;</code>

		<p>This single preference determines whether a thumbnail is
			created or not.</p>

		<h3>Creating a Copy</h3>

		<p>The resizing function will create a copy of the image file (and
			preserve the original) if you set a path and/or a new filename using
			this preference:</p>

		<code>$config['new_image'] = '/path/to/new_image.jpg';</code>

		<p>Notes regarding this preference:</p>
		<ul>
			<li>If only the new image name is specified it will be placed in
				the same folder as the original</li>
			<li>If only the path is specified, the new image will be placed
				in the destination with the same name as the original.</li>
			<li>If both the path and image name are specified it will placed
				in its own destination and given the new name.</li>
		</ul>


		<h3>Resizing the Original Image</h3>

		<p>If neither of the two preferences listed above (create_thumb,
			and new_image) are used, the resizing function will instead target
			the original image for processing.</p>


		<h2>$this->image_lib->crop()</h2>

		<p>The cropping function works nearly identically to the resizing
			function except it requires that you set preferences for the X and Y
			axis (in pixels) specifying where to crop, like this:</p>

		<code>
			$config['x_axis'] = '100';<br /> $config['y_axis'] = '40';
		</code>

		<p>All preferences listed in the table above are available for
			this function except these: rotation_angle, width, height,
			create_thumb, new_image.</p>

		<p>Here's an example showing how you might crop an image:</p>

		<code>
			$config['image_library'] = 'imagemagick';<br />
			$config['library_path'] = '/usr/X11R6/bin/';<br />
			$config['source_image'] = '/path/to/image/mypic.jpg';<br />
			$config['x_axis'] = '100';<br /> $config['y_axis'] = '60';<br /> <br />
			$this->image_lib->initialize($config); <br /> <br /> if ( !
			$this->image_lib->crop())<br /> {<br />
			&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;echo $this->image_lib->display_errors();<br />
			}
		</code>


		<p>Note: Without a visual interface it is difficult to crop
			images, so this function is not very useful unless you intend to
			build such an interface. That's exactly what we did using for the
			photo gallery module in ExpressionEngine, the CMS we develop. We
			added a JavaScript UI that lets the cropping area be selected.</p>

		<h2>$this->image_lib->rotate()</h2>

		<p>The image rotation function requires that the angle of rotation
			be set via its preference:</p>

		<code>$config['rotation_angle'] = '90';</code>

		<p>There are 5 rotation options:</p>

		<ol>
			<li>90 - rotates counter-clockwise by 90 degrees.</li>
			<li>180 - rotates counter-clockwise by 180 degrees.</li>
			<li>270 - rotates counter-clockwise by 270 degrees.</li>
			<li>hor - flips the image horizontally.</li>
			<li>vrt - flips the image vertically.</li>
		</ol>

		<p>Here's an example showing how you might rotate an image:</p>

		<code>
			$config['image_library'] = 'netpbm';<br /> $config['library_path'] =
			'/usr/bin/';<br /> $config['source_image'] =
			'/path/to/image/mypic.jpg';<br /> $config['rotation_angle'] = 'hor';<br />
			<br /> $this->image_lib->initialize($config); <br /> <br /> if ( !
			$this->image_lib->rotate())<br /> {<br />
			&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;echo $this->image_lib->display_errors();<br />
			}
		</code>



		<h2>$this-&gt;image_lib-&gt;clear()</h2>
		<p>The clear function resets all of the values used when
			processing an image. You will want to call this if you are processing
			images in a loop.</p>
		<p>
			<code>$this-&gt;image_lib-&gt;clear();</code>
		</p>
		<p>&nbsp;</p>
		<h1>Image Watermarking</h1>

		<p>The Watermarking feature requires the GD/GD2 library.</p>


		<h2>Two Types of Watermarking</h2>

		<p>There are two types of watermarking that you can use:</p>

		<ul>
			<li><strong>Text</strong>: The watermark message will be
				generating using text, either with a True Type font that you
				specify, or using the native text output that the GD library
				supports. If you use the True Type version your GD installation must
				be compiled with True Type support (most are, but not all).</li>

			<li><strong>Overlay</strong>: The watermark message will be
				generated by overlaying an image (usually a transparent PNG or GIF)
				containing your watermark over the source image.</li>

		</ul>


		<h2>Watermarking an Image</h2>

		<p>Just as with the other functions (resizing, cropping, and
			rotating) the general process for watermarking involves setting the
			preferences corresponding to the action you intend to perform, then
			calling the watermark function. Here is an example:</p>

		<code>
			$config['source_image'] = '/path/to/image/mypic.jpg';<br />
			$config['wm_text'] = 'Copyright 2006 - John Doe';<br />
			$config['wm_type'] = 'text';<br /> $config['wm_font_path'] =
			'./system/fonts/texb.ttf';<br /> $config['wm_font_size'] = '16';<br />
			$config['wm_font_color'] = 'ffffff';<br />
			$config['wm_vrt_alignment'] = 'bottom';<br />
			$config['wm_hor_alignment'] = 'center';<br /> $config['wm_padding']
			= '20';<br /> <br /> $this->image_lib->initialize($config); <br />
			<br /> $this->image_lib->watermark();
		</code>


		<p>The above example will use a 16 pixel True Type font to create
			the text "Copyright 2006 - John Doe". The watermark will be
			positioned at the bottom/center of the image, 20 pixels from the
			bottom of the image.</p>

		<p class="important">
			<strong>Note:</strong> In order for the image class to be allowed to
			do any processing, the image file must have &quot;write&quot; file
			permissions. For example, 777.
		</p>


		<h2>Watermarking Preferences</h2>

		<p>This table shown the preferences that are available for both
			types of watermarking (text or overlay)</p>

		<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="1" border="0" style="width: 100%"
			class="tableborder">
			<tr>
				<th>Preference</th>
				<th>Default&nbsp;Value</th>
				<th>Options</th>
				<th>Description</th>
			</tr>

			<tr>
				<td class="td"><strong>wm_type</strong></td>
				<td class="td">text</td>
				<td class="td">text, overlay</td>
				<td class="td">Sets the type of watermarking that should be
					used.</td>
			</tr>

			<tr>
				<td class="td"><strong>source_image</strong></td>
				<td class="td">None</td>
				<td class="td">None</td>
				<td class="td">Sets the source image name/path. The path must
					be a relative or absolute server path, not a URL.</td>
			</tr>

			<tr>
				<td class="td"><strong>dynamic_output</strong></td>
				<td class="td">FALSE</td>
				<td class="td">TRUE/FALSE (boolean)</td>
				<td class="td">Determines whether the new image file should be
					written to disk or generated dynamically. Note: If you choose the
					dynamic setting, only one image can be shown at a time, and it
					can't be positioned on the page. It simply outputs the raw image
					dynamically to your browser, along with image headers.</td>
			</tr>

			<tr>
				<td class="td"><strong>quality</strong></td>
				<td class="td">90%</td>
				<td class="td">1 - 100%</td>
				<td class="td">Sets the quality of the image. The higher the
					quality the larger the file size.</td>
			</tr>

			<tr>
				<td class="td"><strong>padding</strong></td>
				<td class="td">None</td>
				<td class="td">A number</td>
				<td class="td">The amount of padding, set in pixels, that will
					be applied to the watermark to set it away from the edge of your
					images.</td>
			</tr>

			<tr>
				<td class="td"><strong>wm_vrt_alignment</strong></td>
				<td class="td">bottom</td>
				<td class="td">top, middle, bottom</td>
				<td class="td">Sets the vertical alignment for the watermark
					image.</td>
			</tr>

			<tr>
				<td class="td"><strong>wm_hor_alignment</strong></td>
				<td class="td">center</td>
				<td class="td">left, center, right</td>
				<td class="td">Sets the horizontal alignment for the watermark
					image.</td>
			</tr>

			<tr>
				<td class="td"><strong>wm_hor_offset</strong></td>
				<td class="td">None</td>
				<td class="td">None</td>
				<td class="td">You may specify a horizontal offset (in pixels)
					to apply to the watermark position. The offset normally moves the
					watermark to the right, except if you have your alignment set to
					"right" then your offset value will move the watermark toward the
					left of the image.</td>
			</tr>

			<tr>
				<td class="td"><strong>wm_vrt_offset</strong></td>
				<td class="td">None</td>
				<td class="td">None</td>
				<td class="td">You may specify a vertical offset (in pixels) to
					apply to the watermark position. The offset normally moves the
					watermark down, except if you have your alignment set to "bottom"
					then your offset value will move the watermark toward the top of
					the image.</td>
			</tr>

		</table>



		<h3>Text Preferences</h3>
		<p>This table shown the preferences that are available for the
			text type of watermarking.</p>


		<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="1" border="0" style="width: 100%"
			class="tableborder">
			<tr>
				<th>Preference</th>
				<th>Default&nbsp;Value</th>
				<th>Options</th>
				<th>Description</th>
			</tr>

			<tr>
				<td class="td"><strong>wm_text</strong></td>
				<td class="td">None</td>
				<td class="td">None</td>
				<td class="td">The text you would like shown as the watermark.
					Typically this will be a copyright notice.</td>
			</tr>

			<tr>
				<td class="td"><strong>wm_font_path</strong></td>
				<td class="td">None</td>
				<td class="td">None</td>
				<td class="td">The server path to the True Type Font you would
					like to use. If you do not use this option, the native GD font will
					be used.</td>
			</tr>

			<tr>
				<td class="td"><strong>wm_font_size</strong></td>
				<td class="td">16</td>
				<td class="td">None</td>
				<td class="td">The size of the text. Note: If you are not using
					the True Type option above, the number is set using a range of 1 -
					5. Otherwise, you can use any valid pixel size for the font you're
					using.</td>
			</tr>

			<tr>
				<td class="td"><strong>wm_font_color</strong></td>
				<td class="td">ffffff</td>
				<td class="td">None</td>
				<td class="td">The font color, specified in hex. Note, you must
					use the full 6 character hex value (ie, 993300), rather than the
					three character abbreviated version (ie fff).</td>
			</tr>


			<tr>
				<td class="td"><strong>wm_shadow_color</strong></td>
				<td class="td">None</td>
				<td class="td">None</td>
				<td class="td">The color of the drop shadow, specified in hex.
					If you leave this blank a drop shadow will not be used. Note, you
					must use the full 6 character hex value (ie, 993300), rather than
					the three character abbreviated version (ie fff).</td>
			</tr>

			<tr>
				<td class="td"><strong>wm_shadow_distance</strong></td>
				<td class="td">3</td>
				<td class="td">None</td>
				<td class="td">The distance (in pixels) from the font that the
					drop shadow should appear.</td>
			</tr>

		</table>




		<h3>Overlay Preferences</h3>
		<p>This table shown the preferences that are available for the
			overlay type of watermarking.</p>


		<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="1" border="0" style="width: 100%"
			class="tableborder">
			<tr>
				<th>Preference</th>
				<th>Default&nbsp;Value</th>
				<th>Options</th>
				<th>Description</th>
			</tr>

			<tr>
				<td class="td"><strong>wm_overlay_path</strong></td>
				<td class="td">None</td>
				<td class="td">None</td>
				<td class="td">The server path to the image you wish to use as
					your watermark. Required only if you are using the overlay method.</td>
			</tr>

			<tr>
				<td class="td"><strong>wm_opacity</strong></td>
				<td class="td">50</td>
				<td class="td">1 - 100</td>
				<td class="td">Image opacity. You may specify the opacity (i.e.
					transparency) of your watermark image. This allows the watermark to
					be faint and not completely obscure the details from the original
					image behind it. A 50% opacity is typical.</td>
			</tr>

			<tr>
				<td class="td"><strong>wm_x_transp</strong></td>
				<td class="td">4</td>
				<td class="td">A number</td>
				<td class="td">If your watermark image is a PNG or GIF image,
					you may specify a color on the image to be "transparent". This
					setting (along with the next) will allow you to specify that color.
					This works by specifying the "X" and "Y" coordinate pixel (measured
					from the upper left) within the image that corresponds to a pixel
					representative of the color you want to be transparent.</td>
			</tr>

			<tr>
				<td class="td"><strong>wm_y_transp</strong></td>
				<td class="td">4</td>
				<td class="td">A number</td>
				<td class="td">Along with the previous setting, this allows you
					to specify the coordinate to a pixel representative of the color
					you want to be transparent.</td>
			</tr>
		</table>

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